RE: How is the drag measured on a conventional reel?
For bottom fishing, I set my 30# rigs (113hs) by lifting a gallon jug of water off the deck (that would be 8# drag), and my 15# spinning tackle (5500SSs) by lifting a 1/2 gallon of something (milk, 5 cans of pop or beer, etc). For drift lines or trolling way back, the drag is set toalmost make the lift.
For heavier bottom duty, I spool about 100 yds of 60# braid over the top of the mono on the 30s and set the drag by lifting 2 gallons of water (16#).